Clindamycin is prescribed to treat a wide range of serious bacterial infections caused by susceptible strains of anaerobic bacteria and gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible), Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible), Streptococcus pyogenes, and others. It is effective for infections of the:
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Lower respiratory tract (including pneumonia, empyema, lung abscess)
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Skin and skin structures
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Female reproductive organs (e.g., endometritis, pelvic cellulitis)
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Intra-abdominal infections (peritonitis, abscesses)
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Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis)
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Septicemia caused by susceptible bacteria
Topically, clindamycin is used to treat severe acne and bacterial vaginosis. It is also sometimes used for ear infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, toxoplasmosis, and to prevent endocarditis in certain dental procedures1243.
Clindamycin works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis necessary for bacterial growth. This action stops bacteria from multiplying, exerting a bacteriostatic effect. It is particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria. Clindamycin’s mechanism helps control infections by preventing bacterial proliferation.
Dosage varies depending on the type and severity of infection and the form of clindamycin used:
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For acne, topical clindamycin is applied twice daily for 6 to 8 weeks or longer.
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For bacterial vaginosis, one applicator-full of topical gel once daily for 3 to 7 days or oral capsules 300 mg twice daily for 7 days.
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For strep throat, 300 mg orally three times daily for up to 10 days.
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For serious infections, oral or injectable doses and duration are determined by the healthcare provider based on infection severity.
It is important to follow the prescription label instructions and complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
Common side effects include:
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Nausea and vomiting
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Abdominal pain
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Mild skin rash
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Vaginal itching or discharge
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Metallic taste in the mouth
Serious side effects that require immediate medical attention include:
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Severe diarrhea or bloody stools (possible Clostridium difficile-associated colitis)
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Allergic reactions such as hives, swelling of face/throat, difficulty breathing
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Severe skin reactions including peeling or blistering skin
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Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
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Difficulty swallowing or new/worsening heartburn
Clindamycin carries a boxed warning for the risk of severe colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, which can occur during or months after treatment.
People who are allergic to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any ingredients in the medication should avoid it. Those with a history of colitis or other serious gastrointestinal conditions should inform their doctor before taking clindamycin. It is also contraindicated in patients with known allergies to aspirin or tartrazine if taking clindamycin capsules containing these substances.
Before starting clindamycin, inform your healthcare provider if you have:
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Asthma, allergies, or eczema
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Kidney or liver disease
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A history of gastrointestinal diseases such as colitis
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If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
Also, disclose all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential interactions. Always take clindamycin with a full glass of water and at regular intervals as prescribed. If stomach upset occurs, taking it with food may help.
Clindamycin can interact with other medications, so it is important to consult your doctor or pharmacist before combining it with other drugs. Some medications may require dose adjustments or close monitoring. Specific drug interactions are not detailed here, but caution is advised especially with other antibiotics or drugs affecting the gastrointestinal system.
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